Imagine driving down a busy highway. You need to check your speed and navigation, but glancing down at the dashboard takes your eyes off the road for a critical second. This is where head-up displays (HUDs) come in, projecting information directly onto the windshield. However, current HUD technologies are often bulky and limited to displaying flat, 2D images at a fixed distance, forcing your eyes to constantly refocus between the data and the road.

To address these limitations, a research team led by Professor Qingqing Cheng from the University of Shanghai for Science…